FFA belongs to a group of inflammatory. Trichologist Jobs. Salary 30k Specialist Make-up Artist. * assuming bi-monthly pay period. . I am a homeopathic consultant with more than 13 years experience in practice. Trichology takes. $28,500 - $38,499 27% of jobs $38,500 - $48,499 18% of jobs The average salary is $51,119 a year. Edition of The. 0 Lakhs per year by 73+ employees. Visit Job Bank to learn more about prevailing wages throughout Canada. People working as a toxicologist in Canada usually earn between $$24. If your skin suffers from the effects of aging or sun damage, we can offer multiple non-surgical options for rejuvenation. Base Salary (USD) $76,188 /year. Today, trichology is said to be a link between cosmetology and dermatology. Trichologist median salary and employment statistics Trichologist Career *A job as a Trichologist falls under the broader career category of Barbers. 97/hour. Lucky for you, we’ve teamed up with Sophia Emmanuel, an International Association of Trichologists Certified Trichologist, hair stylist, and creator of the. A$148k. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The World Trichology Society is an organization dedicated to educating, supporting and promoting trichologists worldwide. An analytical chemist earns around Rs. Beauticians and hair stylists with a minimum HSC level can also join this course. Hair Loss Jobs. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. . com, the pay range for toxicologists of different educational levels is as follows [ 7 ]: Bachelor’s degree: $76,861 - $85,272. The average salary range for a Medical Trichologist is. A Trichologist can provide a thorough diagnosis for serious problems such as hair breakage, scalp itching, uneven hair loss, hair thinning, flaky or burning scalp, and baldness. The trichologist can solve your existing hair concerns, if any, and keep any such worries away forever. The estimated salary for a TRICHOLOGIST is ₹55,082 per month in the Bangalore, India area. FUE Clinics team of top trichologists will investigate and diagnose your scalp or hair issues and then provide. 3L. Vcare Trichology employees rate the overall salary and benefits package. Live Remote Proctoring Available: Yes. Average Trichologist Salary in Beauty & Wellness Companies, India is ₹ 4. Trichologists specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of hair and scalp conditions, particularly hair loss. Allotted time for exam: 2 hours. Hair breakage. Trichologist Salary based on 72 salaries ₹ 4. 16. Exam Information Abbreviation: TC Total Number of questions on exam: 200 Allotted time for exam: 3 hours 30 minutes Modality available: Online, Paper/Pencil Live Remote. $18,500 - $28,499 15% of jobs $31,500 is the 25th percentile. First, they study your details like environmental conditions, diet, medications, stress, etc. What is the salary range of a. 2023-09-19. Modality available: Online, Paper/Pencil. AU$69k - AU$172k. About US Doctors Contact Us Socials +923325488777 051-2656491-93 +923325488777 +923325488777; Book Now +923325488777; Cosmetic Surgery. Trichologists specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of hair and scalp conditions, particularly hair loss. Address: 38 Irrawaddy Rd, #05-38 Mt Elizabeth, Singapore 329563. Continue reading. Salaries below this are outliers. Dr. Individual pay rates will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. Cosmetologist, Certified Trichologist. T&T Na-tu-rals Natural Hair Salon and Hair Loss Treatment Centre. £3k - £6k. Trichologists are not doctors, although many dermatologists pursue a specialty in trichology to work in the field of hair restoration. 72 - TT$407223. BMC Software Trichologist Salary. The average salary for a Forensic Toxicologist is £29,479 in 2023. The majority pay is between $78,174 to $100,636 per year. Individual salaries will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. Trichology is the science which concerns all aspects of hair in both health and disease. It encompasses the science of. $35. 2,50,000-5,00,000 per year. ₹42. $32497. [1] A trichologist is similar to a hair doctor, to put it simply. Sunday. In most jurisdictions the title of a trichologist, not the field of trichology, is considered a para-medical discipline. Jennifer Doe has worked as a hair stylist for over 20 years and is UK trained with City & Guilds qualifications. 8L. Salinger says the following are all signs that warrant a trip to a qualified trichologist. $27,809. Abortion pills are the safest and most convenient method of abortion compared to surgical abortion . 1 Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist Pune Review about salary & benefits work culture skill development career growth job security work-life balance and more. Revenue: $5M - $10M Industry: Financial Services Related Companies: About: Crown Worthy Trichology Studio average salary BETA The average salary for Crown Worthy. Become a Holistic Practitioner of Trichology. Overview Overview 77 Reviews 16 Jobs 52 Salaries 9 Interviews 6 Benefits -- Photos. There is no shortage of supplements out there that promise infinite benefits to your health. 15K-20K per month!Unsurprisingly, then, the degree you possess can impact how much you can expect to earn. Not all people need or respond to the same hair loss treatment solutions. Subscribe: $29. How much do Trichologist jobs pay a year? The average annual pay for a Trichologist Job in Northwest Territories is $54,449 a year. 30,000 per month. For more information please contact our admissions office. Chasity S. She has lectured at Trichology Conferences in Brazil and Canada. Also Try Searching For: trichologists. Through WERKS Trichology I am expanding my reach and helping more people by developing a salon and academy to teach advanced cutting, coloring and styling. Trichologist. Trichologists may perform the following tasks: discuss scalp problems with clients. What Richfeel Health &. 799 likes · 13 talking about this · 7 were here. Q. The first journal for the field, International Journal of Trichology, was. 17 Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist Reviews by current and past employees about salary & benefits work culture skill development career growth job security work-life balance and more. Click for salary, education, & more: Trichologist (tricólogo) Try it! simulation. They must have a minimum of 5 years clinical experience consulting directly with hair loss sufferers and performing microscopic analysis of the hair and. Personal requirements for a Trichologist. Once you complete the program and receive your Certification, you’ll be able to start a hair loss practice or expand your existing one. Explore more salaries insights by experience, location, company & industryTrichology is a specific branch of dermatology that deals with the scientific study of hair and scalp health. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $59. A trichologist is a specialist who focuses on trichology — the study of diseases or problems related to the hair and scalp, as well as their treatments. Find job postings near you and 1-click apply!3 Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist Mumbai Reviews by current and past employees about salary & benefits work culture skill development career growth job security work-life balance and more. 00/hour and $$58. 10 yrs exp (AmbitionBox Estimate) ₹33. and Board Certified Holistic Health Practitioner in Maryland. Learn more. In addition, they earn an average bonus of $1,746. $72 k. The first step a trichologist takes when working with a client is to conduct an in-depth consultation, in order to find out the root cause of the problem. 5. Don't put conditioner all over. What are the benefits of becoming a specialized Trichologist?. C$49k - C$93k. S. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. Salary estimates are based on 111 Vcare Trichology salaries received from various employees of Vcare Trichology. The salaries of Trichologists in Washington, DC range from $17,940 to $47,410 , with a median salary of $24,850 . Base Salary. The middle 50% of Trichologists makes $24,850, with the top 75% making $47,410. CA$140k. The information on this page will generally apply to all careers in this category but may not specifically apply to this career title. The information on this page will generally apply to all careers in this category. In India, a cosmetologist can earn Rs. Allotted time for exam: 2 hours. Cosmetic Surgery. A trichologist specialises in the. 518-389-6202 [email protected] Once you complete the program and receive your Certification, you’ll be able to start a hair loss practice or expand your existing one. The middle 50% of Trichologists makes $24,850, with the top 75% making $47,410. Total Pay. Base Salary. We offer a 15 – month “non-interest bearing” repayment plan with an option to pay weekly or monthly. 68 (25th percentile) to $29. At Parisienne Hair Solutions, we are pleased to provide trichology treatments to men and women throughout the Greenville, SC community. It is essential to work in a line of work that gives you the chance to both achieve your goals and make a good living. Total Number of questions on exam: 100. com. St. determine the cause of the problem and decide on appropriate therapy. [1] The term derives from Ancient Greek θρίξ ( thríx ), "hair" [2] and -λογία -logia. Abbreviation: PTTC. Vcare Trichology is known for Salary & Benefits which is rated at the top and given a rating of 3. The definition of Trichology is ‘the science and study of scalp and hair in health and disease’. USTI ® understands that most stylist, salon owners and hair loss professionals have an interest in hair loss, need training and hair loss certification. Welcome to 1,200+ free posts full of tips and resources for freelance writers! Make a Living Writing has been helping writers leave day jobs behind and live the freelance life since 2008. Master’s degree: $77,944 - $86,553. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. 9 Lakhs per year for a Dental Assistant to ₹9. A$148k. With regard to age and impact on salary for a Consultant Trichologist, a statistical average weighting (that is based on how salary varies by age and not for a specific job which may vary considerably) suggests these figures: £16,800 for a worker in their 20s, £21,952. Allotted time for exam: 3 hours 30 minutes. C$2k - C$26k. B” has been a Licensed Cosmetologist since 1981, then in 2000 I became a Hair Loss Specialist. Security Officer. someone who studies and treats the hair and scalp (= the skin on the top of the head): 2…. " As a dermatologist, Dr. Oliva Skin And Hair Clinic. I2CAN is a premier wellness and beauty institute in Pune offering a wide spectrum of courses ranging from advanced beauty and hair designing to advanced treatments on cosmetology, trichology, aesthetics, scientific weight management and nutrition. Would you like to earn an income of up to 8K per month? Learn to recognize, prevent and repair all hair and scalp issues by becoming a Certified. Explore more salaries insights by experience, location, company & industryChelcey Salinger IAT is a consultant trichologist at the Australian Trichology Centre, Sydney and Adelaide, where she specialises in hair loss and scalp problems in women and men. k. Excessive hair loss. Advertising, arts and media: 2. On average, a trichologist earns around $26. To arrange a consultation with me, Dr. 52. As of Oct 21, 2023, the average hourly pay for a Trichologist in Houston is $23. Median Hourly Rate: TT$17. Trichology is a specialisation under the wide umbrella of Dermatology, hence, a trichologist is also a dermatologist. It's important to bear in mind that individual salary experiences can significantly differ due to factors like job roles, departments, locations, and. How to become a Trichologist. Mr Teo Kim Teik IAT, AST, LTTS. While salaries for a dermatology job depend on factors like the particular job title, employer and geographic location, a general dermatologist earns a national average salary of $269,843 per year. How much do Trichologist jobs pay in Boston, MA per hour? The average hourly salary for a Trichologist job in Boston, MA is $30. 9 L (avg) ₹ 3L ₹ 6. 00 (Study material included) AMCA TC Exam Statistics. The average salary range for a Medical Trichologist is INR 3 lakhs to INR 10 lakhs per annum. 16. Trichological and dermatological examination of the scalp and hair follicles in a female patient in a cosmetology clinic. 5 salaries reported. 英語辞典でのtrichologist意味と使用例trichologistの同義語と25ヵ国語でのtrichologistの翻訳Trinidad trichologist. 00/hour. 75%. Hormonal changes: According to Kingsley, many people find that their scalp becomes sensitive during their menstrual cycle. This is an added branch from her full-service hair salon. Trichologist Jobs Trichologist Ahmedabad. Only apply conditioner to your mid-lengths and ends. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of jobs for forensic science technicians may grow by 11% between 2021 and 2031. Hair transplantation is just one of Dr. 3L ₹4. The average salary for a hair stylist is Rs 33,528 per month in Lahore. Average Trichologist Salary in Beauty & Personal Care Companies, India is ₹ 4. Not content mills or freelancer sites to join, or job ads you ‘apply’ for – and compete with 500 other applicants. or equivalent: $79,460 - $88,348. Find job postings near you and 1-click apply!2020 (1134) tháng 5 2020 (2) tháng 1 2020 (1132) 2019 (1209) tháng 12 2019 (1191) fuel rims CabelloySalud ® Micro implante Técnica FUE; cabelo azul CabelloySalud ® Micro implante Técnica. This number represents the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The average salary for a Toxicologist is AU$88,093 in 2023. The estimated additional pay is $6,687 per year. com to find out US Trichology Institute salary, US. Explore more salaries insights by experience, location, company & industryTop in our class 100 people have rated their experience 4. Additionally, not all trichologists are dermatologists, but all dermatologists are trichologists. Not Disclosed. Visit Job Bank to learn more about prevailing wages throughout Canada. Yearly. Cost: $299. Contact. Rodney Barnett is a Certified Trichologist, Certified Natural Health Professional and a leading innovator in the field of hair restoration. 6 Lakhs per year for a Senior Manager-HR. Tan’s many services. You can also find trichologists in. Read patient reviews and book an appointment, video call or private chat with top-rated doctors. Trichologist. $27,809. Denise Shields, Leading Expert On Hair And Scalp Care And Hair Loss Treatment Has Joined The Advanced Hair. After being in the beauty industry for over 29 year I became very frustrated. Sarah Curl Specialist . C$56k - C$140k. Strong. A trichologist with an established client base can do 15-20 treatments per week and can therefore earn around $90,000 per year, without taking into account the sale of products and accessories that are. 34 per hour and $54,787 per year. Home; services; Contect Us; About UsPG Diploma in Medical Trichology,Highlights, Entrance Exam, admission, Eligibility, Duration, Selection Criteria, How to Apply, Application Form, Application Process, fee, Syllabus,Salary and Jobs,career opportunities. Dr. According to Salary. The middle 50% of Trichologists. The International Association of Trichologists (IAT) was established in California in 1974 and offers a course by home-study for the training of students internationally who desire more knowledge about hair. Based on 43 salary profiles (last updated Jan 20 2023)The average salary in Nassau is B$40k. $72,296. How much tax will you have to pay as a Trichologist in Washington, DC The estimated total pay for a Tribologist is $246,291 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $211,010 per year. It's important to bear in mind that individual salary experiences can significantly differ due to factors like job roles, departments, locations, and individual skills and educational backgrounds. This is an added branch from her full-service hair salon. Executive Assistant. They treat scalp problems such as dandruff, itchiness of the scalp, hair loss, baldness and. 5 years). In fact clinical. 3L. Fresher (AmbitionBox Estimate) ₹1. Business Hours: Tuesday – Friday: 9:00AM – 6:30PM The average salary for a medical technologist is $29. The Kare kit contains two medicines k. Yearly; Monthly; Weekly; Hourly; Table View. Trichology is commonly thought of as a branch between cosmetology and. Chelcey’s professional opinion and insights on hair and hair loss are regularly sought by magazines. Upcoming Hair Loss Practitioner Class: November 12th – 13th, 2023; December 10th – 11th, 2023; January 28th – 29th, 2024; February 25th – 26th, 2024Trichology is the science that studies the diagnosis and treatment of problems of the hair, scalp and hair follicles, which lead to symptoms of dandruff, texture problems, hair loss and other serious conditions. How to Find Work as a Trichologist. The more you put into your work the more you will earn, promotion of the your business is essential to running a successful trichologist clinic. In my opinion, if the role of the trichologist is merely to inform and educate on hair care products, that is a role that actually might have a place (imo), given how many people are susceptible to hair care myths and unscientific health beliefs in general. Pages. South Carolina. Enjoy contact with the public. The average salary for a TRICHOLOGIST is £48,000 per year in Bangalore, India. The salaries of Trichologists in the US range from $17,940 to $47,410, with a median salary of $24,850 . 7L ₹1L ₹3L. Based on 2 salaries posted anonymously by Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist employees in Bangalore, India. Average BYD Electronics Trichologist salary is 2. 10 Strange Ways Guys Show Attraction : There is a reason why they say, “Men are from Mars, and women are from Venus. ABC Trichologist Salary. Jayanagar 5 Block,Bangalore. Whether you want to negotiate a salary, plan your career or track employment trends, you should know how much workers earn in your region. Average salaries for Richfeel Health and Beauty Trichologist: [salary]. Modality available: Online, Paper/Pencil. The average annual salary of US Trichology Institute is estimated to be approximate $88,941 per year. With so many possible reasons behind your hair loss, visiting a dermatologist a. 0 Lakhs per year based on 1 salaries. Salaries by years of experience in Ohio. The majority pay is between $60,257 to $76,030. The national average salary of forensic toxicologists is $113,818 per year. Business Hours: Tuesday – Friday: 9:00AM – 6:30PMThe average salary for a medical technologist is $28. $18,500 - $128,500. £21k - £56k. The base salary for Medical Technologist (ASCP) ranges from $66,675 to $78,559 with the. Modality available: Online, Paper/Pencil. View all Mantras2Success consultants jobs - Ahmedabad jobs - Public Relations Manager jobs in Ahmedabad, GujaratSenior occupational physician. Average salary for Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist in Bangalore: ₹553,100. Another way to step up you're vitamins for hair loss during menopause is through supplementation. Salary Calculator Awards 2022 Rewards Campus Placements Practice Test; Compare Companies + Contribute Login Companies. Subscribe to newsletters. The Caribbean Association Of Professional Trichologist (CAPT) Location: Patrica Neptune, Mausica. With our student focused approach, we enable our students to study at their own pace and earn. Includes base and annual incentives. Contact. *A job as a Trichologist falls under the broader career category of Barbers. 8. co. com; it suggests that certified clinical trichiologists make an average annual salary ranging from $55, 000 – $80, 000 again depending on level experience location type employer retail services or private practice assessed either hourly. Explore more on salary insights by experience and location. com to find out more. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who. 0 percent in Q3 2023. AU$0 - AU$5k. Houston Average $27,809. 5/5 in the last 30 days. com to find out US Trichology Institute salary, US Trichology Institute pay rate, and more. Just in case you need a simple salary calculator, that works out to be approximately $41. Richfeel Health & Beauty salary trends based on salaries posted anonymously by Richfeel Health & Beauty employees. trichologist hair loss find earnings philip kingsley career profile become training salary trichology branch dermatology that deals with scientific study health scalp trichologists. Diseases and disorders such as hair loss, hair thinning, psoriasis and numerous other hair and scalp concerns are addressed using a holistic in depth approach. The cost of living in Nassau is NaN percent lower than the national average. Rhode Island average podiatrist salary: $226,030 Nebraska average podiatrist salary: $219,670 Wisconsin average podiatrist salary: $201,060 South Carolina average podiatrist salary: $195,380 North. Add to shortlist. Visit Salary. Yearly. Abbreviation: MHTC. To get the Best Trichologists in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Pakistan, feel free to consult the royal cosmetic clinic for your hair concerns. 76. Dermatologist Mumbai. Average salaries for Richfeel Health and Beauty Trichologist: [salary]. They do so in an attempt to stimulate the regrowth of hair while retaining the hair that remains. Find out more. Salary. Average Trichologist Salary , Pune is ₹ 4. Browse 0 TRICHOLOGIST jobs ($15-$48/hr) from companies with openings that are hiring now. Course pricing. East of England. Tel: (868) 642-3252 (868) 642-3252. 91 per hour. PG Diploma in Medical Trichology,Highlights, Entrance Exam, admission, Eligibility, Duration, Selection Criteria, How to Apply, Application Form, Application Process, fee, Syllabus,Salary and Jobs,career opportunities. It encompasses the study of the diseases of the human hair and scalp, as well as the assessment of the. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more!Average Trichologist Salary, India is ₹ 4. Average salaries for Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist: ₹5,32,192. Each job has different responsibilities and duties. 92. Is trichology a degree?Up to £42,000 a year. Dimensions Trichology Center - Lavon Morrow, Certified Trichologist pays an average salary of $3,408,503 and salaries range from a low of $2,988,610 to a high of $3,949,191. Nearly a century later, Trichology is being recognized & practiced in the United States. Browse 240 HAIR LOSS jobs ($16-$21/hr) from companies with openings that are hiring now. Salary Ranges for Trichologists The salaries of Trichologists in the US range from $17,940 to $47,410 , with a median salary of $24,850 . |. 62, the majority of Trichologist salaries currently range between $14. Los Angeles Average $27,809. Watch this video to see what a day in the life of a Trichologist is like. Starting your Hair Care Business. Total Number of questions on exam: 100. Total Number of questions on exam: 100. Base Salary. The average salary for a TRICHOLOGIST is ₹48,000 per year in Bangalore, India. Trichological and dermatological examination of the scalp and hair follicles in a female patient in a cosmetology clinic. Rs 27,439 per month. The average salary for a psychologist is $169,828 per year in Ohio. If you’re in need of trichology, simply contact FUE Clinics trichology clinic today, our trichologists have years of experience and will provide a professional service regarding hair loss and issues with the hair and scalp. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. Trichologist Salary in Ontario. A trichologist specialises in the health of people's hair and scalp, which is the field of trichology. ₹700 Consultation fee at clinic. Laser therapy. The ability to give hair loss sufferers a full head of hair and create great, innovative and trendy styles. Explore more salaries insights by experience, location, company & industryRichfeel Health & Beauty. 0 Lakhs per year by 62+ employees. Richfeel Health and Beauty salary trends based on salaries posted anonymously by Richfeel Health and Beauty employees. Bonus. After accessing these details your trichologist can easily. Barbara Pickens “Ms. Today’s top 5 Toxicology jobs in South Africa. Trichologists diagnose and treat human hair and scalp problems and provide care for the general health of human hair. Low $34,113. 17 Richfeel Health & Beauty Trichologist Reviews by current and past employees about salary & benefits work culture skill development career growth job security work-life balance and more. 82 (75th. Live Remote Proctoring Available: Yes. 09 - TT$26. $28,500 - $38,499 27% of jobs $38,500 - $48,499 18% of jobs The average salary is $51,256 a year. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Clarke has practiced at The Dermatology and Skin Surgery Center of Creedmoor since in 2016, providing excellent medical, surgical and cosmetic dermatologic services as a Certified Physician Assistant. Allotted time for exam: 2 hours. It is essential to work in a line of work that gives you the chance to both achieve your goals and make a good living. 93% 72 Patient Stories. Anastasia Therianou, an expert in dermatological care for hair loss and mole problems, call 0203 869 5134 or 0203 464 4884. Apply 2-3 tablespoons of Argan oil to your scalp and let sit for 1-2 hours. Read more about working at Richfeel Health & Beauty. 8L ₹3L ₹6. Step 2 of 3. 88 and as low as $8. Website. Salary. 3 per cent. To chat about the course please call – WhatsApp 44 (0) 7742 336 337, The 2 year duration course: During each10 month academic year the candidate contracts to research, write-up and submit 30 chronologically numbered assignments from the published syllabus (below) at the steady rate of 3 per month. People working as a criminologist in Canada usually earn between $$19. The average Medical Technologist (ASCP) salary in Ohio is $74,949 as of October 25, 2023, but the range typically falls between $69,206 and $81,541. Innovations Today, is offering partnership agreements, between Dermatologists/Doctors and Trichologists. Illinois. Here are eight careers in dermatology to consider:[HIRING JUNIOR STYLISTS] We are hiring junior stylists as follows: - at least 1 year experience after a hair school (no fresh graduate, sorry) - base salary + commission - abundant hands-on education by our master stylists + external education opportunity - fast track to be an established stylists - enhance skills faster and build high-end clientele. Trichology Services Offered for all hair types:*. Our students regularly achieve great. Dimensions Trichology Center - Lavon Morrow, Certified Trichologist pays an average hourly rate of $1,639 and hourly wages range from a low of $1,437 to a high of $1,899. The Association of Registered Trichologists (ART) is a membership organisation for qualified trichologists and those studying trichology. Trichologist Practitioners are Cosmetologist that specialize hair and scalp disorders and diseases. 81 an hour. Tools and equipment for Trichologist . AAHSD Trichology FAQ's will help you find the answers if you have any of the following: hair loss, thinning hair, receding hairline, dandruff etc. One of the best ways to find work as a trichologist is to look for job openings in the beauty and hair care industry. Hair & Scalp Consultation Questionnaire (PDF) Becoming a Trichologist and Starting your Hair Care Business (Video) Duties & Tasks of the Trichologist.